Anode and Cathode Arcs

Modeling the anode boundary layer of high-intensity argon arcs

This paper is concerned with numerical studies of the anode region of a high-intensity argon arc. The anode region is divided into three subzones: the anode boundary layer, the presheath and the sheath. The governing equations of the dominating processes with the boundary conditions taken from the solutions of LTE plasmas are solved by applying the Runge±Kutta procedure. One parameter h, i.e., ...

Operation Modes of Hollow Cathode Arcs with Reduced Gas Flow

In 1971 the first research work on hollow cathode arcs (abbreviated HCA) started at Giessen University. Emphasis has been put on the operation of this hollow cathode arc for the ion beam neutralization of the electric propulsion unit RIT 10. In this application the HCA works as an electron source delivering electrons for main discharge starting and beam neutralization. But beside this, diagnost...

Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Cathode and Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Battery by Aerosol Process

A high performance lithium-ion battery using LiNa0.02K0.01FePO4/C as cathode material and anatase TiO2 nanotube arrays as anode material

In this paper we report on a lithium ion battery (LIB) based on improved olivine lithium iron phosphate/carbon (LiFePO4/C) as cathode material and LiNa0.02K0.01FePO4/C  synthesized by sol-gel method and TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) with an anatase phasesynthesized through anodization of Ti foil as an anode electrode. Crystallographic structure and surface morphology of the cathode and anode mate...

Influence of gas pressure and cathode composition on ion energy distributions in filtered cathodic vacuum arcs

We report measurements of ion energy distributions of ionized species in titanium and aluminium filtered cathodic vacuum arcs operating in oxygen and nitrogen gas atmospheres. The ion energy distributions were recorded using a Hiden mass selected ion energy analyzer. The results show that a significant reduction in ion energies and a change in the shape of ion energy distributions occurs as the...